Income & Tax
Federal Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your federal income tax, marginal and effective rates, and after-tax income using 2025 brackets and the standard deduction.
Enter your income and filing status to estimate federal income tax, your marginal and effective rates, and what remains after tax.
Income & Tax
Try the calculator
Example
On $75,000 of income, the standard deduction lowers the taxable amount before the bracket rates apply, so the effective rate sits well below the top bracket.
Results
Estimated federal tax
$8,114
After-tax income
$66,886
Projection
Distribution view
No timeline is available for the current inputs.
Milestones
Decision cues
Breakdown
Cost mix
Result reading
Uses 2025 brackets and the standard deduction. Excludes credits, itemized deductions, and state tax.
Planning cue
Use the output as a scenario test rather than a promise. Small input changes can materially change the result.
Uses 2025 brackets and the standard deduction. Excludes credits, itemized deductions, and state tax.
How it works
What the result is showing you
These sections explain what the calculator measures, which assumptions matter most, and where the number can be misleading.
Marginal versus effective tax rate
Your marginal rate is the bracket your last dollar falls into; your effective rate is total tax divided by total income. Because the system is progressive, the effective rate is always lower than the marginal rate.
The standard deduction comes first
Most filers subtract the standard deduction before any bracket applies. That means a portion of income is taxed at zero, which is why your first dollars of salary are not taxed at your top rate.
What this estimate excludes
This tool models federal income tax with the standard deduction only. It does not include credits, itemized deductions, capital gains rates, the additional Medicare tax, or any state tax, so treat it as a planning estimate.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Quick answers to the questions people ask most about this calculator.
What is the difference between marginal and effective rate?
The marginal rate is the tax on your next dollar of income, set by your top bracket. The effective rate is your total tax divided by total income, which is lower because earlier income is taxed at lower bracket rates.
Does this include the standard deduction?
Yes. This estimate subtracts the 2025 standard deduction for your filing status before applying the brackets. It does not model itemized deductions, credits, or state taxes.
People also search for
Related tools
Other tools that usually come next
Use these if you want to compare a connected cost, adjust the budget around it, or check the next step in the same decision.
Income & Tax
Paycheck Calculator
Estimate your take-home pay after federal income tax withholding, Social Security, Medicare, and pre-tax deductions.
Income & Tax
Salary Calculator
Convert an hourly wage into weekly, monthly, and annual pay, or work back from a salary to an hourly rate.
Income & Tax
Self-Employment Tax Calculator
Estimate the self-employment tax you owe on freelance or business net earnings, including the Social Security and Medicare portions.